Thanks. At 20% PV efficiency, one would get 28 W/m^2 annual average. So, I thought their figure was either very good performance or some particular figure.

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It’s been a week of news which no-one could have predicted when edie was first founded 20 years ago, with Extinction Rebellion’s ongoing protests in London and Greta Thunberg’s speech to MPs dominating many of the tabloid headlines. 

With nearly 34,000 rat-related complaints coming in per year, the city in 2011 enlisted the help of a Carnegie Mellon computer scientist named Daniel Neill to take crime prediction technology and use it to detect where rodent populations would spike.

Solar PV systems (68.7 per cent), waste-to-energy (16 per cent) and biomass gasifiers (15.2 per cent) account for the off-grid or captive power programmes (excluding captive power from biomass non-bagasse cogeneration). Family biogas plants, water mills and micro hydel systems, solar street lighting systems, solar lanterns, solar home lighting systems, solar cookers, stand-alone solar or biomass-based power generators and wind pumps are some of the decentralised renewable energy technologies primarily used in rural areas. The Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs has recently approved the continuation of the Off-Grid and Decentralised Solar PV Application Programme to achieve an additional 118MWp off-grid solar PV capacity by 2020. This current phase covers the following components: 300,000 solar street lights, stand-alone solar power plants of an individual size up to 25kWp aggregating to 100MWp and 2,500,000 solar study lamps.

“Through the notion of ‘creating shared value’, public-private partnerships have proven to be an effective model around the world for businesses to create solutions to address socioeconomic challenges, spearhead growth and improve operations and plant performance.”

5.4 This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assign. This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall not be assignable by any party hereto without the written consent of the other parties hereto.

A number of utilities are recognising the potential of this market and have deployed innovative commercial projects. For example, Dutch utility Alliander partnered with Signify and Cisco on an innovative smart street lighting project in Amsterdam. Adaptive lighting, security cameras, and a public wi-fi network are some of the applications being tested. Enel X also offers European cities advanced smart lighting solutions – the utility has installed more than 1.8 million LED lamps in Italy. In the UK, SSE Enterprise Contracting maintains more than one million street lights and helps local authorities utilise smart LED technology for street light dimming, fault reporting and energy savings. The company also helps cities integrate smart city applications such as air quality reporting and traffic management with its lighting solution.

Have any legislative or regulatory efforts been undertaken to promote the development of microgrids? What are the most significant legal obstacles to the development of microgrids?

Are renewable energy policies and incentives generally established at the national level, or are they established by states or other political subdivisions?

Miriam shared details about the benefits of these smart off-grid solutions, why these new technologies work so well, and she shared some case studies of current installations across the globe.

So the watts that get generated are not heat to be dissipated by air con, they are potential source of energy for cooling.